Skin cancer is a common type of cancer that occurs when abnormal cells develop in the skin’s tissues. Screening for skin cancer is a structured medical process aimed at finding these abnormal cell changes early, before cancer grows or spreads. Understanding this cancer, its symptoms, and the screening process can support early intervention and reduce health risks.
What Is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer is a malignant growth that forms in the skin’s cells. There are several forms, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. These types differ in how they originate, their appearance, and their potential to spread to other body systems.
Basal cell carcinoma usually starts in the basal cells at the bottom of the epidermis. Squamous cell carcinoma develops in the skin’s squamous cells, while melanoma arises from pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Melanoma is recognized as the most aggressive form due to its higher chance of metastasis.
What Causes It?
This cancer develops due to DNA changes in skin cells. One leading factor is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or artificial sources such as tanning beds. This exposure can damage genetic material inside skin cells, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth.
Other causes include genetic susceptibility and immune system suppression. Individuals with lighter skin, a family history of skin cancer, or ongoing immunosuppressive treatment exhibit increased risk. Certain chemicals and chronic inflammation of the skin may also be contributing factors.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms can vary depending on the type, but certain changes in the skin may signal its presence. Early signs include changes in moles, new growths, or sores that don’t heal. Here are additional indicators to watch for:
- Irregular borders on moles
- Varied colors within a mole
- Enlargement in the diameter of a mole
- Red, scaly patches or nodules (common in some types of skin cancer)
- Pearly bumps, rough patches, or persistent ulcers, often on sun-exposed areas
- Melanoma-specific signs, such as asymmetrical lesions with uneven edges and multiple shades of brown or black
Recognizing these symptoms early can be beneficial for diagnosis and treatment.
What Is Involved in Skin Cancer Screenings?
Skin cancer screening is a systematic visual examination of the skin’s surface by a healthcare professional. This process may begin with a detailed review of the patient’s personal and family history, skin type, and prior exposure to risk factors. During the screening, the clinician inspects the skin from head to toe under bright lighting, focusing on moles, lesions, or growths. If suspicious areas appear, the provider may use a dermatoscope for closer inspection, and a biopsy of a lesion can follow to confirm whether cancer is present.
How Is Early Detection Beneficial?
Early detection allows intervention when cancer is confined to the skin’s superficial layers. At this stage, treatment is more effective, and recovery rates are higher. Early removal of abnormal cells reduces the chance of cancer progression and the need for more extensive intervention. Screening also supports the identification of risk factors and monitoring individuals with a history of skin abnormalities.
Schedule a Screening Today
Screening for cancer provides an opportunity to identify abnormal changes in the skin before more advanced stages develop. Regular screening supports prompt management and reduces long-term health complications. Contact a medical provider to discuss individualized screening recommendations and take proactive steps in maintaining skin health.
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